event mechanics

Over the fold, my notes on chapter 3 of Foucault’s Society Must be Defended for the biopolitics reading group.

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Via Green Car Congress:

HM Treasury (UK) UK today published the much-anticipated Stern Review Report on the Economics of Climate Change, the most comprehensive review yet carried out on the economics of climate change.

Something which I find disturbing is this:

The climate is a public good: those who fail to pay for it cannot be excluded from enjoying its benefits and one person’s enjoyment of the climate does not diminish the capacity of others to enjoy it too. Markets do not automatically provide the right type and quantity of public goods, because in the absence of public policy there are limited or no returns to private investors for doing so: in this case, markets for relevant goods and services (energy, land use, innovation, etc) do not reflect the consequences of different consumption and investment choices for the climate. Thus, climate change is an example of market failure involving externalities and public goods. Given the magnitude and nature of the effects initially described in the previous chapter and taken forward in Parts II and III, it has profound implications for economic growth and development. All in all, it must be regarded as market failure on the greatest scale the world has seen. (ital. added, CH2, p. 25)

Right. Global suffering. Oil based economies and their wars. The abandonment of two fifths of the world’s population. None of these are ‘market failures’? There is much rhetoric of ‘market failure’ in the report. As if the ‘market’ were a machine that provided certain outcomes that were not purely, totally, and completely organised by the continual asymmetrical redistribution of wealth?

This post is for my students who wanted some notes on how to read A Thousand Plateaus. I am pitching it as a how to a how to guide. How to read A Thousand Plateaus as a “how to” guide for cultivating and caring for multiplicity.

First, some resources:

1) Michael Hardt’s page at Duke has his reading notes for Capitalism and Schizophrenia. (Plus it has his PhD dissertation which after reading the intro looks interesting.) Remember ATP is the second volume of a two volume set. Some of the ideas translate across the two volumes. For example, and something that Hardt doesn’t really discuss, it is pretty well accepted now that ‘desiring-machines’ in the terminology of AO becomes ‘assemblage’ in ATP (Alliez essay in Deleuze and the Social, p. 161). One of the important things to realise about ‘assemblages’ is that as ‘desiring machines’ they are continually breaking down; they only work when they break down (AO 8 ). This is the only addendum needed to Slack and Wise’s brilliant introductory remarks on the Assemblage in their book _Technology and Culture: A Primer_ (they don’t talk about this ‘breaking down’ quality which is important but on a different level for any technological culture). Lastly, the Kafka book is a bridge between AO and ATP and to a certain degree much easier to read than AO or ATP. However, it only really makes sense if you understand the terminology, which is explained in ATP and AO… Hardt is particularly good on faciality which he relates to Debord’s notion of the spectacle. Faciality is an inductive virtual architecture.

2) Next is Hardt’s infamous collaborator on various projects, Antonio Negri, who wrote an essay on ATP in 1992 to mark the event of Guattari’s death. (Negri and Guattari were friends, Guattari used to collect Negri’s mail for him when he was in France, and they wrote a little book together call _Communists Like Us_ which is also worth reading alonside an essay Guattari wrote with Alliez on ‘Integrated World Capitalism’ that foregrounds much of work on ‘globalisation’ and Negri and Hardt’s arguments in _Empire_). Negri has four main points to his essay, and the earlier section is a brief genealogy of Foucault’s project (!!). The four main points all relate to a different way of engaging with mulitiplicity. The ‘theory of expression and arrayments’ is about expression and the aesthetics of assemblage. One of the minimum qualities of an assemblage is as an arrangement of heterogeneous elements (mulitiplicity) that has a consistency. Next is the rhizome which is a direct example of a multiplicity. Nomadology is way of thinking (a ‘way’ like in martial arts) that wages a war against any arborescent form of thought. Minority and majority do not relate to numbers of people. A tending to mulitiplicity requires a becoming-minor of a majoritarian arrangement. Negri’s essay can be read in light of his later work: “Labor is the rhizome which produces the real, which is the passage from the molecular order to the molar order, in the course of development, which irresistibly passes through war and which in war defines liberation.” This is a nascent definition of the ‘multitude’ as it later appears.

3) Charles Stivale’s translation and summary of “L’Abécédaire de Gilles Deleuze” is a great resource. Perhaps read it only when you need to look something up.

There is plenty of other stuff around. The archives to the D&G spoon’s email list is also very good on some things. There are also Deleuze’s lectures online.

OK, so ‘caring for mulitiplicity’ means cultivating particular dispositifs that allow and indeed encourage a certain kind of open relation. The overcoding signifiers of the State-assemblages attempt to capture and incorporate multiplicity. In AO it was called Oedipalisation. An example, the n-sexes were reduced to some variant of the male::female binary. To allow and encourage an open relation to multiplicity means carrying out very careful experimentations. This is outlined in the “How to Make Yourself a Body Without Organs?” chapter of ATP. It is called the ‘art of caution’ or ‘the art of dosages’ (160-161). An assemblage is formed on/as/through a plane of immanence, so that on one side of the assemblage is strata — the State, the familial unit, etc. — and on the other side is the plane of immanence. See the section of ABC on Desire where Deleuze talks about young people reading Anti-Oedipus. So when reading ATP look for the multiplicities, or diagrammatic traces of them, such as the war machine, the ‘pack’ (of a becoming animal), the BwO, and of course the rhizome.

Here is a list of five general areas that I think are useful to think about when reading ATP:

1) How to read a mixed semiotics
2) Why can’t war machines be fluffy? (care of Sandy)
3) Micro to the molecular to the minor.
4) How to ward off ‘Deleuze and Guattari’ as a Despotic Signifier?
5) Sobriety and an ethics of becoming.

The below is a little rushed, sorry.

1) Deleuze and Guattari offer a mixed semiotics. A semiotics of force across and between arrays of bodies; see Chapter 3, but Guattari is the one who develops this the best in his solo work.

2) Don’t think of war machines or any other sort of multiplicity as necessarily hyper-masculine Terminator-type assemblages, you’ll end up sharing the deleusions of the Israeli army. War machines can be fluffy. A classic example from the world of pop-culture is the ‘Min Mei’ weapon in Robotech (nee Super Macross).

3) Micropolitics is normally associated with Foucault. In the preface to AO Foucault calls the book an Introduction to the Non-Facist Life. Many commentators have discounted Foucault’s comments, and for AO they may be right, however ATP is a different book and the ethics of becoming that requires care for multiplicity is one of its goals. More needs to be said here. I don’t have time.

4) Don’t treat Deleuze and Guattari as priests of the truth. I like their work cause it is an outrageous attempt to think the world. We have computers to do other kinds of thinking, humans are just trained to do it because they are cheaper.

5) No green thumbs, only schizo-thumbs. Tend to your multiplicities. Allow them to grow, give them sunshine, and take them to the park to play with other multiplicities.

Unfinished list of links to Francis Bacon’s paintings online. It is numbered according to the list published in Gilles Deleuze’s book Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation

(I will add to this the next time there is a music awards show or the like on tv.)

List is over the fold, too big for the front page.

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They’re gonna clean up your looks
With all the lies and the books
To make a citizen out of you
Because they sleep with a gun
And keep an eye on you, son
So they can watch all the things you do

Because the drugs never work
They’re gonna give you a smirk
‘Cause they got methods of keeping you clean
They’re gonna rip up your heads
Your aspirations to shreds
Another cog in the murder machine

– My Chemical Romance, “Teenagers”

Yes, ‘of the charts’. I am unfortunate. However, there is something is this recent spate of epic punk-rock hitting the charts (Green Day and Muse). Does the ‘epicity’ give us something to believe in? My Chemical Romance currently has “Welcome to the Black Parade” in the charts.